12/2/2023 0 Comments Smooth contour meaning![]() ![]() Stepped contours consist of cutting out multiple layers of material such as card, veneer, MDF and ply, and then laminating them together to form the landscape. These factors will determine which materials we choose to use. But also, practical things need to be taken into account like the weight of a model, especially if it is being regularly transported for example. There are several methods to successfully making a physical model where contours play a significant role and this is where our years of expertise at Capital come in.Įach method needs to be considered carefully, depending mostly on the size and scale of the model. Indicating slopes and variations of a terrain and how a building sits and relates to its surroundings, is a necessity in translating an architects concept.Īnd, working with contours can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. Originating from the Italian Latin word ‘contornare’, the definition of the noun contour is “an outline representing or bounding the shape or form of something, a way in which something varies, especially the pitch of music or the pattern of tones in an utterance”.Ĭreating contours from a topographic map is a fundamental element in modelmaking and something that takes a lot of skill and understanding. Contains review of these and earlier articles.Posted December 20th, 2018 by Codastar & filed under News. Elizabeth West Marvin, "A Generalization of Contour Theory to Diverse Musical Spaces: Analytical Applications to the Music of Dallapiccola and Stockhausen" in Musical Pluralism: Aspects of Aesthetics and Structure Since 1945 (forthcoming).Charles Seeger, "On the Moods of a Music-Logic." Journal of the American Musicology Society 8 (1960): 224–61.Adams, "Melodic Contour Typology," Ethnomusicology 20 (1976): 179- 215. Mieczyslaw Kolinski, "The Structure of Melodic Movement: A New Method of Analysis," Studies in Ethnomusicology 2 (1965): 96–120."Possible and Impossible Melody: Some Formal Aspects of Contour", Journal of Music Theory, Vol. Polansky, Larry Richard Bassein (1992).Polansky, "Morphological Metrics: An Introduction to a Theory of Formal Distances" in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (San Francisco: Computer Music Association, 1987).Morris, Composition with Pitch-Classes: A Theory of Compositional Design (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987).Friedmann, "A Methodology for the Discussion of Contour: Its Application to Schoenberg's Music," Journal of Music Theory 29 (1985): 223–48. ![]() Sonic Design: The Nature of Sound and Music. When a person speaks a sentence involving multiple e sounds, the peaks will shift within these ranges, and the movement of the peaks between two instances establishes the difference in their values on the pitch contour. Nevertheless, by establishing a fixed reference point in the frequency function of a complex sound, and then observing the movement of this reference point as the function translates, one can generate a meaningful pitch contour consistent with human experience.įor example, the vowel e has two primary formants, one peaking between 280 and 530 Hz and one between 17 Hz. ![]() Pure tones have a clear pitch, but complex sounds such as speech and music typically have intense peaks at many different frequencies. Therefore, a contour that follows the sequence of low, middle, high, would be labeled as contour class Often used in the analysis of post-tonal music, Michael Friedmann's methodology for analyzing pitch contour assigns numeric values to notate where each pitch falls in relation to the others within a musical line the lowest pitch is assigned "0" and the highest pitch is assigned the value of n-1, in which n= the number of pitches within the segmentation. ![]() The same contour can be transposed without losing its essential relative qualities, such as sudden changes in pitch or a pitch that rises or falls over time. In music, the pitch contour focuses on the relative change in pitch over time of a primary sequence of played notes. Unnatural pitch contours result in synthesis that sounds "lifeless" or "emotionless" to human listeners, a feature that has become a stereotype of speech synthesis in popular culture. One of the primary challenges in speech synthesis technology, particularly for Western languages, is to create a natural-sounding pitch contour for the utterance as a whole. It also indicates intonation in pitch accent languages. It is fundamental to the linguistic concept of tone, where the pitch or change in pitch of a speech unit over time affects the semantic meaning of a sound. Pitch contour may include multiple sounds utilizing many pitches, and can relate the frequency function at one point in time to the frequency function at a later point. In linguistics, speech synthesis, and music, the pitch contour of a sound is a function or curve that tracks the perceived pitch of the sound over time. ![]()
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